These requests were rejected by the Kennedy Administration (which was involved in the Cuban Missile Crisis during most of the Sino-Indian War), leading to a cool down in Indo-US relations. The war with China in 1962 caused a radical shift. Recognising the People's Republic of China soon after its founding (while most of the Western bloc continued relations with Taiwan), Nehru argued for its inclusion in the United Nations and refused to brand the Chinese as the aggressors in their conflict with Korea. Born in November 1889, Jawaharlal Nehru would become India ’ s first prime minister. We should first prove ourselves and then talk of Gandhi, non-violence and a world without nuclear weapons. The writings of Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells, John Maynard Keynes, Bertrand Russell, Lowes Dickinson, and Meredith Townsend moulded much of his political and economic thinking. "[124][125], Nehru implemented policies based on import substitution industrialization and advocated a mixed economy where the government controlled public sector would co-exist with the private sector. His prestige was restored unwittingly by Gandhi, who had been released from prison on medical grounds in May 1944 and had met Jinnah in Bombay in September. Nehru had developed an interest in Indian politics during his time in Britain as a student and a barrister. Friends and comrades, the light has gone out of our lives, and there is darkness everywhere, and I do not quite know what to tell you or how to say it. According to former Indian diplomat G Parthasarathy, "only after we got nothing from the US did arms supplies from the Soviet Union to India commence". "[51] He was arrested on 14 April 1930 while on train from Allahabad for Raipur. On 15 January 1941, Gandhi had stated:[87][88]. Our beloved leader, Bapu as we called him, the father of the nation, is no more. [citation needed] These universities worked with high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice, initially developed in Mexico and the Philippines, that in the 1960s began the Green Revolution, an effort to diversify and increase crop production. While Nehru exempted Muslim law from legislation and they remained unreformed, he did pass the Special Marriage Act in 1954. At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. '"[86], In October 1940, Gandhi and Nehru, abandoning their original stand of supporting Britain, decided to launch a limited civil disobedience campaign in which leading advocates of Indian independence were selected to participate one by one. The first attempt on his life was during partition in 1947 while he was visiting North-West Frontier Province (now in Pakistan) in a car. Twelve huge C-130 Hercules transports, complete with US crews and maintenance teams, took off for New Delhi to fly Indian troops and equipment to the battle zone. [229] Indira married Feroze Gandhi in 1942. [19] He also spoke out against the censorship acts passed by the British government in India. [257] Nehru's ideals and policies continue to shape the Congress Party's manifesto and core political philosophy. This effectively ensured the current "virtual indefinite policy of bilingualism" of the Indian Republic. In his autobiography, he analysed Christianity[245] and Islam,[246] and their impact on India. [45][46] Nehru drafted the Indian declaration of independence, which stated:[47]. – Jawaharlal Nehru. In the 1957 elections, Nehru also led the Congress party to victory with 47.8% of the votes and taking 371 of the 494 seats in the 1957 elections. [114] The constitution of 1950 distinguished between three main types of states: After the adoption of the constitution on 26 November 1949, the Constituent Assembly continued to act as the interim parliament until new elections. – Jawaharlal Nehru. [131], GDP and GNP grew 3.9 and 4.0% annually between 1950–1951 and 1964–1965. [164] Nehru also told Bhabha, and later it was told by Bhabha to Raja Rammanna, that: "We must have the capability. [34][72] Nehru was also given the responsibility of planning the economy of a future India and appointed the National Planning Commission in 1938 to help in framing such policies. Nehru was elected by the Congress to assume office as independent India's first Prime Minister, although the question of leadership had been settled as far back as 1941, when Gandhi acknowledged Nehru as his political heir and successor. "[10], Nehru went to Trinity College, Cambridge in October 1907 and graduated with an honours degree in natural science in 1910. [121], After years of failed negotiations, Nehru authorised the Indian Army to invade Portuguese-controlled Goa in 1961, and then he formally annexed it to India. This was the result of the annexation of Goa in 1961 by India, when Nehru promised the people that their laws would be left intact. [31] In the rift that formed within the Congress following the sudden closure of the Non-Cooperation movement after the Chauri Chaura incident, Nehru remained loyal to Gandhi and did not join the Swaraj Party formed by his father Motilal Nehru and CR Das. [155] It was staged by Ebrahim Alkazi with National School of Drama Repertory at Purana Qila, Delhi in the 1970s and later at the Festival of India, London in 1982. Jawaharlal Nehru. He emerged as an eminent leader of the Indian independence movement, serving India as Prime Minister from its establishment in 1947 as an independent nation, until his death in 1964. 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