Enrollment in public school would help immigrants assimilate, or blend into American culture, by teaching them American values and practices. Jefferson also explained that a public school system in which local communities maintained control was an excellent way for citizens to practice self-rule. The dominant position in teacher education has tended to be a one-size-fits-all strategy. Problems faced by the growing network of public schools soon faded into the background as the nation split in two over the issues of slavery and states' rights. Educational experts often disagree on the best methods of reforming the nation's school system, though most do agree that the system is in need of reform. The United States had been growing at a rapid rate, both in terms of population increases due to massive numbers of immigrants and in terms of industrial expansion. They suggested that such tests were slanted in favor of children who had received more opportunities in life. But such efforts have yielded dramatic changes in educational opportunities for girls. The man who led this movement was Horace Mann, "the father of American public schools." Due to the efforts of nineteenth-century reformers such as Horace Mann (1796–1859), the public school system became a reality. Such schools, however, were only available to white children. All rights reserved. Once Reconstruction had ended, and the federal government no longer had any control in the South, most southern states dramatically cut their education budgets, with black schools hit the hardest. The current American school system derives the substantial majority of its curriculum from a Eurocentric base and the benefits that coincide with this curriculum have unlocked many opportunities for those whom the system itself benefits. A sophisticated and broad-based school system would produce a more highly skilled workforce. http://www.titleix.info/index.jsp (accessed on May 23, 2006). The man who led this movement was Horace Mann, "the father of American public schools." This sample education essay explores how education reform in the United States is necessary and the courses need to be designed and implemented to take on a more cross-cultural interpretation of historical events and politics. The schooling system covers all five of the basic levels of communication and takes a student from the age of five or six, and sends them through the system until they’re on the cusp of adulthood at seventeen or eighteen years of age. Education reform encompasses any systemic change intended to alter the approach or outcomes of public education. Educators, and the environments they create for students, are of paramount importance in fostering the development of a culture within the educational system. These tests were developed during World War I (1914–18) to determine which soldiers qualified as officers. Pennsylvania Department of Education. The one-size-fits-all strategy that is alluded to is perhaps the greatest disservice to students across the U.S. and the revolution against this strategy is evident in the development of Africentric schools throughout North America. Many teachers in such schools sent clear messages to the Hispanic students that little was expected of them academically and that they should give up any hope of going to college. Many of Mann's revolutionary ideas forever changed the face of education in America. A person is a personality because he belongs to a community, because he takes over the institutions of that community into his own conduct. Some advocated universal schooling, or free education for all children, out of a moral obligation to improve others' lives. © copyright 2003-2020 Study.com. Mann also addressed the issue of public education, embarking on a lifelong quest to establish free, mandatory schooling for American children. Many came from poor families and would not have been able to receive a higher education otherwise. Many felt the same way about educating girls, though some disagreed, noting that teaching girls was critical in building a strong democracy. Beecher advocated for higher standards for teachers and promoted opportunities for women, but only in roles that she considered feminine. 162. He pushed for active student engagement through real-world experiences, rather than adopting more traditional approaches. Experts believed that early intellectual stimulation—such as being read to, playing games, singing songs, and taking field trips—was a critical factor in a child's development. Even as young girl, I realized how lucky I was to have been given that opportunity. Many historians credit Beecher with opening the profession of teaching to women. Even in communities where the vast majority of students were Hispanic, the curriculum offered no information about Hispanic culture and history. Apply today for your chance to win! Dewey emphasized the notion of school as a means to teach children to be good democratic citizens. A fundamental part of the education reforms implemented in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries was a renewed emphasis on standardized testing as a way of measuring academic achievement. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Ultius, Inc. "Essay on Education Reform." In the northeastern United States, the number of European immigrants continued to grow. Catharine's sister Harriet, writing as Harriet Beecher Stowe, later became famous as the author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, a novel depicting the horrors and humiliation of slavery. Another controversial school reform that arose during the 1990s was the establishment of a new type of public school known as the charter school. One of the most significant of such laws was the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, better known as the GI Bill of Rights or, simply, the GI Bill. For the next several generations, southern schools were the poorest in the nation, with black schools being deprived the most. Some addressed women's rights, others fought against government corruption. Equally important to parents and teachers, the McGuffey readers, named for their authors, William Holmes McGuffey (1800–1873) and his brother Alexander (1816–1896), taught religious, patriotic, and moral values. In spite of strong opposition, some school districts, notably in Cleveland, Ohio, and in Milwaukee, have gone forward with voucher programs for all types of private schools. The type of school depended on the town's population and would be funded by the families in that community. During the 1700s, a number of important universities and colleges were founded, including Yale, Princeton, and Columbia. In 1824 she opened her own school in Hartford called the Hartford Female Seminary. More and more people felt that a child's education should go beyond religious instruction, reading, and writing.

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