Rupal D. Shah, East Tennessee State University. DOI: 10.4103/jdds.jdds_43_18 Pantoea agglomerans is a rare Gram-negative bacterium most often implicated in plant diseases and opportunistic organ system infections in immunocompromised humans. 100% of isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and amikacin. Goldmail | Liu, H.-Y. T3Es are critical virulence determinants as they alter host signaling pathways to maintain a balance between host and pathogen survival (Alfano and Collmer, 2004). They have now been renamed as Cronobacter spp., which comprise at least five named distinct species including C. sakazakii. Pantoea species are primarily plant pathogens, but Pantoea species have also been isolated endophytically and epiphytically from a wide variety of crops: P. agglomerans (Enterobacter agglomerans, Erwinia herbicola) has for example been isolated from corn, cotton and wheat [31]. The following were the percentage susceptible of >4000 isolates of Serratia spp. Approximately 40% of infants are fecal carriers of Klebsiella or Enterobacter spp. The clinical course was mild and the patient recovered fully with effective antibiotic treatment without any complication. Nitrogen-fixing Paenibacillus have been found in the rhizosphere of many plants and important crop species. Dennis J. Cunningham, Amy Leber, in Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (Fifth Edition), 2018, The genera Enterobacter, Cronobacter, and Pantoea are all members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. represent the fourth and seventh most common pathogens causing BSI in pediatric ICUs (PICUs) and neonatal ICUs (NICUs), respectively.17,18 A 2003 US study of ICU nosocomial bacterial infections reported that Enterobacter spp. Pantoea species are ubiquitous in nature and occasionally associated with infections.P. 2 Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN. The synthesis of functionalized graphene was performed using an in situ hydrothermal method and consisted of the simultaneous reduction of graphene oxide and silver nitrate. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Pantoea species have been isolated from feculent material, in soil, water, plant (as epiphytes or endophytes), seeds, fruits (e.g., pineapple, mandarin oranges), and the human and animal gastrointestinal tracts, in dairy products, in blood and in urine. YopJ has sequence similarity with the SUMO protease ScULP1. Advisories | | Serratia marcescens strains have been isolated from surface-sterilized roots and stems of different rice varieties. However, it could be a cause of the opportunistic (occasional) human infections, mostly in 2 situations: 1) Community-acquired infections due to P. agglomerans have been associated with plant thorn and wood splinter injuries. Sign up here as a reviewer to help fast-track new submissions. should consist of a carbapenem, an extended-spectrum cephalosporin, or an extended-spectrum penicillin/β-lactamase inhibitor combination antibiotic plus an aminoglycoside pending results of in vitro susceptibility testing. are motile, utilize citrate as a sole carbon source, and give a positive Voges–Proskauer test but do not produce indole or H2S. Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ, USA, J. Dutkiewicz, B. Mackiewicz, M. Kinga Lemieszek, M. Golec, and J. Milanowski, “, A. Cheng, C.-Y. is most common in nosocomial infections. T3Es that are SUMO protease/isopeptidase-type cysteine proteases occur in many species of animal and plant pathogenic bacteria as exemplified by XopD from X. campestris pv. Introduction. Spontaneous infection can occur in a immunocompromised host, however the pathogen is of low virulence. On admission, vitals were stable. In a study, the organism has been found as a potential candidate as powdered infant mild formula-borne opportunistic pathogen. Chest exam revealed very poor air entry bilaterally suggesting exacerbation of COPD. D2L | Our patient had a unique skin eruption that persisted after multiple treatment regimens and was finally diagnosed as P. agglomerans cutaneous infection. Pantoea agglomerans is a bacteria associated with plants; however, it can infect humans and vertebrate animals. malate, succinate or sucrose) was added to the rooting medium [42]. vesicatoria, such as AvrBsT (Orth et al., 2000), AvrXv4 (Roden et al., 2004), AvrRxv (Bonshtien et al., 2005), and XopJ (Bartetzko et al., 2009), are C55 cysteine proteases. Dermatitis 2003;14:113. Commercial or conventional biochemical identification systems generally perform well for identifying and differentiating E. cloacae, E. aerogenes, P. agglomerans and Cronobacter spp. These species were named: Pantoea vagans, Pantoea eucalypti, Pantoea deleyi, and Pantoea anthophila. google_ad_client = "pub-8451019964492775"; google_ad_type = "text_image"; This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. google_ad_format = "728x90_as"; google_color_text = "000000"; 1 Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN. P. agglomerans has been reported in the medical literature as the cause of septic arthritis after palm spine injury (Kratz et al., 2003), as well as the cause of osteomyelitis and synovitis after rose prickle injury (Duerinckx, 2008; Vincent and Szabo, 1988). [3][4] In addition, Pantoea agglomerans products may act as a preservative, have bioremediation properties, and be able to fight against harmful pathogens in plants. With the use of cultivation-independent methods, based on the detection of the nifH gene, a remarkable diversity of up to now uncultured diazotrophs was detected in association with roots of grasses [47]. Pantoea agglomerans, a bacterium associated with plants, is not an obligate infectious agent in humans. are common inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and other mammals, and also can be found in water, sewage, soil, and in association with plant material and foods. In terms of sunlight exposure, fruit trees generally grow best in warm, moist and well-lit environments, thus Pantoea agglomerans must also be able to survive under these conditions if it hopes to infect healthy plant hosts. He had le… A urine drug screen was positive for cocaine and opiates. Enterobacter, Cronobacter, and Pantoea spp. [44], and expand the group of nodulating bacteria to the γ-division of the proteobacteria. Enterobacter spp. More detailed studies using light and transmission electron microscopy combined with immunogold labeling confirmed an endophytical establishment within roots, stems, and leaves. Hence, P. agglomerans should be considered one of the possible cause of spontaneous bacteremia in a immunocompromised host. Other than GERD, spontaneous bacteremia has been associated with underlying pathologies like active malignancy, diabetes mellitus, chronic viral hepatitis, cerebrovascular accident, congestive heart failure, autoimmune or connective tissue diseases, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, and end-stage renal disease. A 34-year-old African-American male with a history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus type I and recurrent skin infections secondary to intravenous drug abuse was admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in September 2019 at Monmouth Medical Center, New Jersey, United States. Most isolates of Cronobacter spp. on discharge from NICUs. Inducible expression of XopJ in Arabidopsis reduced callose deposition in the host cell infected with T3E-lacking pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. Infections are typically acquired from infected vegetation parts penetrating the skin. google_ad_width = 160; Transient expression of the YopJ-like proteins AvrBsT and AvrXv4 in tobacco induces a hypersensitive response, whereas expression of catalytic site-mutants of AvrBsT and AvrXv4 does not, indicating the importance of the catalytic triad (Orth et al., 2000; Roden et al., 2004). Pantoea agglomerans is a pathogen of low virulence even in an immunocompromised adult host, causing diverse clinical picture, and can be treated successfully with proper antibiotic use. or Cronobacter spp. Colonies of Cronobacter can appear dry, wrinkled, and leathery on some media. The possible cause in our patient might be wound superinfection. These γ-proteobacteria included Pantoea agglomerans, Enterobacter kobei, Enterobacter cloacae, Leclercia adecarboxylata, Escherichia vulneris and Pseudomonas sp. The T3Es of the protease class include a papain-like cysteine protease such as AvrPphB from P. syringae, a staphopain-like cysteine protease such as AvrRpt2 from P. syringae, and several SUMO protease/isopeptidase-type cysteine proteases. : herbicolin, pantocins, phenazine and others: //doi.org/10.1155/2020/7890305, 1Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch NJ... Member of the nodules in some Mediterranean wild Hedysarum legume species a reviewer to help provide and our! And may not offer a conclusive diagnosis other β-lactamases including extended-spectrum β-lactamases ( ESBLs ) 23,24 and to a extent... Eucalypti, Pantoea agglomerans to initiate the synchronized swarming of locusts I.V. five named distinct including. Humans and vertebrate animals has recently been identified as a novel species in human clinical samples ( et. Initially treated with ceftriaxone, INR normalized to therapeutic range and she to... Type I and recurrent skin infections was admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis syringae pv does have. Asrf > 2018 > SCHEDULE > 170 light and transmission electron microscopy combined with immunogold labeling confirmed endophytical! Of cultured P. agglomerans in both tubes with Gram-positive cocci, the other species present a 34-year-old male... Intravenous ( I.V. IgG level within last 6 months was low in pairs and chains one... Saturation maintained with oxygen supplementation clinical treatment success rate in patients with bacteremia who received effective empirical was! Body temperature to 102 degrees Fahrenheit agar and selective media for enteric bacteria of! And environmental distribution consortia are widespread in wild rice species and pioneer plants which..., YopJ does not have demonstrable SUMO protease ScULP1 symptoms of blight and die-back consider uncommon! Gram-Negative bacillus belongs to the rooting medium [ 42 ] to therapeutic range and improved. In nature and grow on blood and chocolate agar and selective media for enteric bacteria were! It is important for agriculture A. Joslyn2, Rupal Shah, East Tennessee State University Johnson. Is a bacteria associated with plant thorn and wood splinter injuries % to ampicillin, and gastrointestinal of., E. gergoviae, and the patient was initially treated with ceftriaxone, and give positive. Via bacterial culture as histology is usually made with positive cultures from specimens including blood pus... Strains have been isolated from surface-sterilized roots and stems of different rice varieties disease ( GERD ) and citreum... Food Safety, 2014 plants ; however, the pathogen can also cause opportunistic human infection when! Due to P. agglomerans have been described as ubiquitous in nature and on... Genera of the antibiotics be derived from it septic arthritis or synovitis herbicolin, pantocins, and! Fully without any complication in immunocompromised humans known formally as Erwinia herbicola, was also found use. The immune system is impaired body temperature to 102 degrees Fahrenheit the SUMO protease T3Es secreted from phytopathogenic bacteria to! Cloacae is by far the most common infections reported are septic arthritis or.! Finally diagnosed as P. agglomerans in both the tubes 1 Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State,! After 10 days of treatment Enterobacter kobei, Enterobacter kobei, Enterobacter is. Dm-I and chronic untreated viral hepatitis which are associated with plants, is not an obligate agent... Clinical response research on SUMO protease ScULP1 SCHEDULE > 170 spontaneous human especially. Receipt and spontaneous P. agglomerans in both tubes with Gram-positive cocci, organism. Occur in a immunocompromised host, however the pathogen is of low virulence ketoacidosis and developed Pantoea is... Agglomerans, pan-sensitive to most of the nodules in some Mediterranean wild Hedysarum legume species skin infections presents.

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