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endobj Example e fi ie o fi ue e fi i cerrar (to close) dormir (to sleep) pedir (to ask) <>>> 738 0 obj <> endobj What this course will do is enable you to use the language accurately in the majority of situations and will certainly give a thorough grounding in basic Spanish grammar. 6 0 obj o$��M� ���9jT��(D�IS_�]趦$)zi��T���ҫ�zy(]���P� �N&�Ix 6 Example infinitive g fi jo coger (to pick, take) cojo escoger (to choose) escojo proteger (to protect) protejo dirigir (to manage) dirijo exigir (to demand) exijo 2. %%EOF � ��~S@�:k��$$�A�lq�A��@HLY HpE �� �#���p��������d9�'�3D�0 �� The sixteen-lesson book must, obviously, crowd several grammatical themes into one chapter. ��_"����[�����\2� bfY��v�Ǡ������g���pC2 ��J ��� �|�RCy�^���Q�X���!�X%���`��"�pt"Q�N��&�C!��h,2���� Stem-Changing Verbs The following verbs are irregular in the stem when conjugated, except* in the nosotros and vosotros forms. Fǣz����Wv�4>�990����;� �_��.nj�W��QIE"6ť�f[���C%��HJ#� w��&�X.��Y&�B%�X ���A�F#�"���K�|pItDDBtϧ��I�T�,âH7)Y����gCEM �!�M�.�l�#c[7m�k56�4ըH7�e�Zb�S� <> stream endobj stream 1.1 The Spanish alphabet 3 1.2 Diphthongs 6 1.3 Syllabification 6 1.4 Sinalefa 7 1.5 The written stress accent 7 1.6 Punctuation 9 1.7 Capital letters 10 2 Gender and gender agreements 11 2.1 Masculine and feminine 11 2.2 Plural 11 2.3 General rules for gender 12 2.4 Words which are both masculine and feminine 12 2.5 Nouns which vary in gender 12 3 0 obj I@$��D endstream endobj startxref �%/�,Kri):�]%��%�̦�:�2���౅�4>�Jǡ �xTL*&��GAƳ0H9�$6�i6�go��]���� �L,GF�����2S4���:+�6�S�q5W�߸rk>�����j ������)EI��%f��&7/U�0Im*^~��$Ý崻��NnR�LJ��JP�(�Zy�A��U�B���P�R�J�Jb�"�����("��Abb��8D4K��0Q1bb�]H�I��)w=�^�HCA�Uf�$T�%�E31 z�*��Xuՙi �Y5��������`` ��@x#�K.� r�� <> Bl���+�p��"=�e�'�m%)�ɶT��aPZ�R�T,dдN�F�1j]�M)sjB1�M�Ȝj�M%QY2.��HI$�(X� ��hx4�� ��86*�7潺�m�ʖv��ɧj$ ��#�yx��N����zE�U_��RW�V���\Q���S��� ���|�e���H>�T�r9�R��I�SS+���mF�^�4+�&�Y%1I >�eP��ԩ�U!���V�$ͤK3jj�I*�q�,2&��b�0�D��AP�L��H`�P\JA&Y��l�ť�^����U6t��wf+8j*NL%�y,=?QB��8�4mx+�TsciVunJev�ƞ��!߽�l ���.�w��1��*�iN��,�]���ewX�r�Bh7ʒMJ��c�r�� <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> 0 4 0 obj %PDF-1.5 %���� ����'��tt���v�����Ԇ4����E/!�DzHx� ᐬ�$�YU��*J�e�4��{�^_�kB� ����;g�:�Ϟ}�I�ʥmY�Ǖﶺ�J���6�R,.�K��'�42��#!x$�Z�S yZ�P��U�rC-�84�ģ��t 1941 0 obj <> endobj 7 0 obj ������z�} UvC�Y�ZO/HX��D�N�0�|6M�MT�.S.`��,EG��ҋ9f�ЭS��b}E�@;��'�������{v� �Swcsjb������d(x�����L���il2E�H��yj�P��8L��cP��4.��"��d�p&E�ej�,1��ĢX�F,j����̷�K �*���Ňh����u91�s�ަ�JMR���2ʒ�r�ZĔ�\:�M�+�|�L,������9|F(i�L"���#�$4��FQ1AF�1�x6�JB!�(�B���F�x��η������i ���� �o����@`v�\UT�r�b�S%M7k�:��M0�z)פj$\����e��L3Q�c'2B������"#bc��8lB,&.���@DE��b�cbc"��>�c Spanish grammar, whether they be distributed over sixty lessons or compressed into sixteen. x����wT�����y�QIO����3��{�$�Lzr��z AQ���( 6D,ET��tB�d2�3yfD=�{�]w���~^�`�Y��޿��g� �����}�����!�S�����1�o�;:22r��# ��Vp����������v�֗�s�ȉ��ƾo�;��������������?��w��� �_.���ass�W/�������Y��X��i�K�:�۾�¹�� n ���|pq��$0|��{�ں h�bbd``b`�+��B �"� � SPANISH GRAMMAR CHEAT SHEET IMPERATIVO TO BE When: If you want to say: I walk, you walk, he walks, we walk, they walk When: Continuos actions in the past >> I walked, I was walking, I used to walk, while I walked PRESENTE GERUNDIO When: What is happening right now >> I´m walking, you are walking, he is walking, we are walking, they are walking h��Z}tUՕ?�#�{���� �@��{|�o�I�P����'i|$yHŖ�b0��PY�`%��Ɛ2�¨8���̳`�h���5�6tɀ]��������{��7�Zf-��s��޿�ۿ�/�"��r���'�đx����vU�����s�0wXʔwl^�O�!5��w��謷�/�'ڨ�=R���(�5�ܩ. ���%c1,*E�a�D�ΥY���J��D�F�c88��IH��ˬj��Y�\L��P�\2A΢���nK�[�+���_�9�m��y[ ������۹�y�\�!��ղL�1�i�X V�0U/Ͷ�r�Mv�\)�q�4*O@��8�F��9jI�F*LbQx4��A�3�"��G��h %���� 2144 0 obj <>stream 0 endstream 1952 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<47B4940E55D2163E96591FE928F8E7F2><21D5670569356844942D858CA1A3CDD7>]/Index[1941 204]/Info 1940 0 R/Length 91/Prev 1512353/Root 1942 0 R/Size 2145/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream endobj a grammar book such as Modern Spanish Grammar (Kattán-Ibarra and Pountain) also published by Routledge, for a full explanation. endobj %PDF-1.5 �W��@�eM�fej�2�Y��t8goi��V����'�^,h4Gc6�R�G�Eєٕ���X�G�Wy> (�\�t��XA����+wu0t�u�ǡb$���p�����(��KM�u��α����?�"�+ x��RKk�@���gwv7��W����@�!�h��Xɥ����RM �|����ߗ�U�,��e��L�_�'�YR�,��el��7yZn��׃�h�$�3r�*�{ T�c4��d���%�-h/ y ����x:v�zP�e���n/�#�Q Pc���-:��x�P��.����V(������vE^?J��@�Bqpi0Ұ���� �0Pnya�1�ڑ�hK��&�t��� ���38 5 0 obj However, there are 4 forms, depending on the number and gender of the noun. XE�ɕY��i)���M�yU��ݭ}����^W{% ��Bp�����\Wk ����n��!I��6��$���δ+s=ynG�˒�4g'[. endobj %PDF-1.5 %���� )1T�����ds�A�Nb��L�� �xd�E*���6�Ԭ�B���q�B��M��X�0�ɠb���؈�������H���Z2,�6� h�b```�g�� ce`a�X���`y��)������;_2�a������p���}N�S�m&S��l`�;�����'�---�}����-��̯n6������ �oxs��s�*��c�I�FՊ%���m��[���`��Lqc�u��q�K\�N�|��”�ݷ���$X2���� �,�����<9��:�K{��v\ӏ�^�}ޤ��!XI\ {EGG�8�j``H�@��ry�� f0���y��`@�5YB*����P!&�P� �A!K ��d@Õ7���@,�~�Y�&Jn�.6:0��N�f����s`9�y�%�{4�\u�Z���gU����Z�˜� {m&e[ ���@Z��I��UP11�~p ҦL�u�� ��� <> 763 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<188C447256E85643A2179D460732E671>]/Index[738 67]/Info 737 0 R/Length 111/Prev 155158/Root 739 0 R/Size 805/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream %%EOF Spanish, like English, has two articles: the definite article ("the") and the indefinite article ("a" or "an"). �J��d��EF-�G/��I�j�ⱆ�-ueZ�����G�Q �D��MM1�=u~��4�U�fN�w>�B0�����t9�� �O�6`�����2.�fї�f���j�. Y����M�a�D�aHbY�����]j�S#I1i:��x���oMO�����e �_k���@ j��/�9>��ꋯ�;�t2�AɓR]&`��$a��_/bە��8�(wn��ē�z����|���?0 �! endstream endobj startxref endstream endobj 739 0 obj <. -T\46.��L�ЊD��F�D����#��1tB� [��B��0Y�i�4V�_x�����ж ��李���$��QIN�,͠ɶ�

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