to the Atlantic Ocean together with the straits of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean.[28]. But to ignore these fears is to base U.S. policy on faulty premises which can lead to grave mistakes. According to Hafiz al-Asad, Dayan announced that "the past generation established Israel within its 1948 borders; we have established Israel within the 1967 borders; and you have to establish a Greater Israel from the Nile to the Euphrates. And what does it show? Shamkhani also touched on the ongoing situation in the neighboring Iraq, saying that the enemies of Iraq's unity and progress seek to turn the country's upcoming elections into a medium for fomenting discord, conflict and, ultimately, insecurity. Since the Islamic Revolution of 1979, Iranian propaganda has strongly emphasized the threat of Greater Israel, often in connection with accusations of Jewish plans to control the world. Based on the traditional tallit, or Jewish prayer shawl, that flag was white with narrow blue stripes near the edges and bore in the center the ancient six-pointed Shield of David with the word "Maccabee" painted in blue Hebrew letters.[10]. Hearing that Israeli soldiers were on the way, the Jordanian forces guarding the town had fled. The elements set out by provisional government’s committee derived from the flag of the World Zionist Organization, which consisted of two light blue stripes with a Star of David set in between. As further proof of his assertion, he produced a second document, a map from a scholarly article titled "Developing Perspectives Upon the Areal Extent of Israel: An Outline Evaluation. King 'Abd al-'Aziz ibn Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia (who ruled between 1902 and 1953), seems to have been the first important politician firmly to believe in Greater Israel. When a Jordanian sought to blame Jerusalem for sedition at Yarmuk University in December 1989, he merely blamed plotters "who plan day and night to ruin this nation and to extend their country from the Nile to the Euphrates. He argued tirelessly that Israelis sought a Greater Israel to include the whole central Middle East and thereby to turn the Arabs into "a horde of refugees. Herzl became convinced that Europe’s Jews were in grave danger, and that they urgently needed a homeland of their own. The flag was made with two blue stripes and a large blue Star of David in the center, the colours blue and white chosen from the design of the tallit. (Indeed, the fact that Asad also believes that "Soviet Jews are the remains of the Khazars"[55] confirms his general credulity on matters Jewish.) The Israeli flag originated at a Zionist conference in the nineteenth century. [32] Radio Damascus, Mar. 26, 1964. The other definitions are found in Deuteronomy 11:24, Deuteronomy 1:7, Numbers 34:1–15, and Ezekiel 47:13–20 (see the map included in this article). If I say this out loud today, I would be greeted by universal laughter. While not his main reason, Bin Laden included what he saw as American and Western support for such a scheme as an additional motivation for his call to wage war against America and its allies. [30] Radio Damascus, Mar. The Wall Street Journal reports that, "Just as Israelis fear Damascus's old dream of a 'Greater Syria,' encompassing Israel, Syrians believe that Tel Aviv craves an 'Eretz Israel' stretching from the Nile to the Euphrates. 25, 1990. Are crowned with broad stripes of blue; Begin had preached undying loyalty to what he called Judea and Samaria (the West Bank) and promoted Jewish settlement there. I believe an agreement between us and the Arab State could be reached in a not too distant future."[7]. . [50] The Grand Mufti of Palestine [Hajj Amin al-Husayni], Memorandum Submitted to His Holiness Pope Paul VI, Beirut, Feb. 28, 1964. 61-66. "[37] The Israelis are said to see Lebanon as a no-man's land to intend to annexed it up to the Wadi at-Tim, north of Sidon. In nearly all cases, it bears noting, Revisionists lost out to their Labor rivals. Title page of the 1985 Iranian reprint of "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion.". Pointing to the divisive and insecure US strategy in the region, Shamkhani underlined that the most important priority for other countries to counter this approach was maintaining their internal cohesion and unity and to undertake common measures. by Misha Louvish (London: Valentine, Mitchell, 1972), p. 73. Let us take this Talith from its bag and unroll it before the eyes of Israel and the eyes of all nations. Although a distant and difficult topic for Americans to deal with, it deserves U.S. government attention as part of the general effort to forward Arab-Israeli peace negotiations. By exciting Arab hatred of Israel, it persuades many Israelis to hold on to the territories they won in 1967, and not take a chance on a peace treaties. [14], Critics of Israel have stated the blue strips of the Israeli flag represent the Nile and Euphrates as the boundaries of Eretz Isra'el as promised to the Jews by God according to religious scripture. [2] The flag was designed for the Zionist Movement in 1891. One fanciful delineation of Greater Israel. Many were rapidly assimilating into wider non-Jewish culture – including one highly educated Jewish lawyer, Budapest-born Theodore Herzl. The Saudis call the Qur'an—or Koran—their constitution and virtually every other Arab state derives some of its legislation from the Qur'an. For months, Israel battled impossible odds; it seemed at any moment the tiny Jewish state would be overrun and its citizens massacred. Emanuel Miller is a Jerusalem-based writer who has previously worked for the Jerusalem Post and the Times of Israel, and helped establish the English media department of My Truth, an organization that documents the experiences of Israeli soldiers while facing an immoral, cynical enemy. According to the legend accompanying the map, it provides "The areal dimensions of Israel according to the current (1989) Israeli 10 Agorot coin." Better do as Middle Easterners: reply promptly and in kind. "[22], Long after Abdel Nasser's death, and through years of Egypt's peace with Israel, his acolytes continued to warn against Greater Israel. Labor Zionists thought this less important than other objectives (such as establishing a sovereign Jewish state) but Revisionist Zionists made it their first priority. [60] These steps derive in part from Daniel Pipes, "Dealing with Middle Eastern Conspiracy Theories," Orbis 36 (1992): 41-56. Deny the validity of Greater Israel. The star shape is also said to recall the reinforced shields that King David and his soldiers used when they conquered the city of Jerusalem and made it the Jewish capital city. Patrick Seale, a British journalist of considerable reputation, has flatly asserted that "some nationalist Israelis (especially those in the Herut Party) dream of Jewish state extending "from the Nile to the Euphrates. For millennia, Jews all around the world had fervently prayed for the moment when they could return to the land of Israel and once again dwell in their own Jewish country. To make matters complete, the boundary is drawn in the shape of a snake; and the scales are represented by a Freemason's Eye drawn repeatedly along the snake's back. [12] Robert Gessner, "Brown Shirts in Zion," New Masses, Feb. 19, 1935, p. 11. No need to expand ^^ The Nile and Euphrates thing is an accusation that Israel wants to expand its borders, which is annoying, unfounded, and false. More than anything else, sophisticated Americans are bemused by Middle Eastern paranoia. In January 1992, during the peace process negotiations, the Syrian delegation displayed a map of Greater Israel and claimed it represented the Jewish state's territorial goals. "[30] Along these lines, Syria's Defense Minister Mustafa Tallas told a military audience that, "Had it not been for Hafiz al-Asad, Greater Israel would have been established from the Nile to the Euphrates." The high road—not dignifying the outrageous with a response—does not work. [27], Criticism from strictly Orthodox Jews stems back to their opposition of early Zionism when some went as far as banning the Star of David, originally a religious symbol, which had become "defiled" after being adopted by the World Zionist Organisation. For a catalogue of Zionist and Israeli statements, real and alleged, see Ass'ad Razzouq, Greater Israel: A Study in Zionist Expansionist Thought (Beirut: Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center, 1970), especially pp. "[62] Baker used a term with self-evident meaning for Israelis and American Jews; but of course Arabs heard something quite different. After consulting representatives of Diaspora Jewish communities, the committee decided on July 28, 1948 to adopt the Zionist flag as the State of Israel’s official flag. In five years perhaps, and certainly in fifty years, everyone will perceive it.” (Theodor Herzl, September 3, 1897). There, he and a succession of other Jewish leaders called for a Jewish country. (1) "[34] Rafsanjani noted the emigration of "millions of Jews from all over the world" (foremost the U.S.S.R., but also Argentina and other countries), and interpreted this in terms of a Greater Israel "from the Euphrates River to the Nile River." Please take a moment to share this article on social media and follow the Israel In Focus page on Facebook to read more articles explaining Israel’s history, politics, and international affairs. In addition, the Soviet regime made Birobidzhan, a distant region of Siberia, into its version of a Jewish homeland. Henceforth, the Zionist flag has represented Israel as its national flag. Arafat rested his case on the basis of Dr. Rowley's scholarship. 17, 1990. For years, many people around the world have demonized and heaped scorn on the Israeli flag. Sometime near the end of the Talmudic era (500–600 CE) the industry that produced this dye collapsed. [22] Hasan Sabri al-Khuli, Qadiyat Filastin (about 1966), pp. Let us take this Talith from its bag and unroll it before the eyes of Israel and the eyes of all nations. Since Jews were then unable to fulfil this commandment, they have since left their tzitzit (tallit strings) white. It describes a large territory, "from the brook of Egypt to the Euphrates". Ever since, Mr. When Arabs use the term, they think of U.S.-Cuban relations. [5] Playboy, Sept. 1988. Moments after declaring independence on May 14, 1948, Israel was invaded by the armies of five countries: Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon, Syria and Iraq. In 2018, to help mark Israel’s 70th anniversary, 200,000 fans of the Jewish state around the world signed 5,000 Israeli flags. Arafat himself said that the two blue stripes on the Israeli flag represented the two rivers, the Nile and the Euphrates. 'Omar Hassan Al-Bashir: It is a known fact that to this day, Israel hasn't determined its borders, and everyone knows that the two blue stripes on the Israeli flag symbolize the Nile and the Euphrates – that is, that the Nile and the Euphrates should be within Israel's borders. In ancient times, one thread of each tzitzit was made up of wool dyed a beautiful blue color: “and they shall place upon the tzitzit of each corner a thread of turquoise (techelet) wool. One commentator, Necati Özfatura, wrote in the nationalist newspaper Türkiye (29 Sept. 1991) that the Armenian president had secretly met with George Bush and the two of them agreed on an Armenia stretching from the Caspian Sea to the Black Sea, the Mediterranean, and the Persian Gulf. In addition, they transform the Jewish state into something too threatening with which to coexist. The white field symbolizes our pure new life; the stars are the seven golden hours of our working-day. However, many other nations have religiously exclusive symbols on their flags as well. [44] While no friend of Zionism, Darwasha knew first-hand the falseness of claims about a Greater Israel. Use Greater Israel rhetoric to predict a dictator's actions. 83, 87-90, 92, 96-97, 99-103, 144-45, 167-69, 178-81, 187, 209, 212-14, 230, 234, 240, 243-45, 249-52, 264, 278-82, 286, as well as Maps 3 and 4. These differences point to a profound gap separating political assumptions in the West and in the Middle East.

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